#1
The new (?) Larva Gallery inspired me to post some larva
Don't know if it is dipteran.
Norway, 27.11, about 40mm, Under wet leaf on dead tree trunk
#3
looks a bit like a Chironomidae, but the shiny bits reflects all necessary details to give any species/genus identity. If it is a chironomidae, then an Orthocladiinae seems most likely.