#1
Hello!
These very big (15-20 mm) flies (80% males, 20% females) can be found at tree trunks on darker places in the forest or at night in our garden now (Ostwestfalen, Germany). Is this a
Phaonia species (I thought of
P. variegata)? Thanks!

#2
Jurgen
Hairy eyes, so not
Phaonia or Muscina. My thought is Mydaea, or perhaps Polietes? Not Graphomyia because 4th vein does not bend up sharply?
This is all guess work on my part, and from memory, so do wait for someone with some real knowledge.