#2
Trichocerid ovipositors usually curve ventrally, so I'm pretty sure this is one of the short-winged tipulids, perhaps
Tipula grisescens. Can you tell us what length it was?
#4
It's typical of the males to be fully winged - only the females have reduced wings. I think a more likely species is
Tipula autumnalis - this flies (or walks in this case!

) until October. (
T. grisescens is normally a spring species.)