#2
This is a larvae of a Tabanidae, but for genus or species ID it needs carefull examination of the larvae, preferably the anal segment. Did you collect it? It appears as having a short anal segment, so perhaps Haematopota of Philipomyia perhaps. I would be very interested in having a look at it. The book by Andreeva (1990) on Russian Tabanidae larvae is THE book to check.
#5
although it is still difficult to ID, I think a Hybomitra species is most likely. In Haematopota the anal segment is about as short as in yours, but this genus is most abundant in pastures and there are some species of Hybomitra known from bark (e.g. H. distinguenda). Also, I think the larvae has pairs of darkbrown spots dorso-laterally on the abdomen. besides Tabanus miki, this is only known (in Dutch species) from Hybomitra.