#2
The host looks like Vespidae, so the parasite should be Strepsiptera, Stylopidae, Xeninae.
#4
In North America we have several species on
Polistes. Europe has at least two,
Xenos vesparum and
minor, according to the database at
http://rameau.snv...card=hosts.
Other species of Stylopidae are found on other Vespidae, but the wasp does look like
Polistes dominula or
gallica.