#1
Unkown pupas on an unknown plant. 05.09.2018, Moscow Oblast.
Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae?
photo by Roman Provydukhin
#2
I'd say these are Eulophinae pupae (parasitic wasps). The small brown lumps are larval frass. Unlike Braconidae, when most Eulophinae leave their caterpillar hosts, they do not form a coccoon.